Sources & Bibliography

Official press release summarizing the failure.

Full text of the Inquiry Board Report.

Hosted by University of Minnesota.

A detailed technical presentation (in French) on the Ariane 5 failure.

Dr. Nicely was the mathematician who discovered the bug.

The original 'Official' White Paper released by Intel to explain error rates.

The article that broke the story to the general public.

Modern technical retrospective with die photos.

See Reference #25 in the PDF for the original WSJ citation.

Reproduces the graph of the index drop.

Date: November 8, 1983. Page: 37.

Original article is not available online without a paid subscription (ProQuest ID: 1983-11-08).

The official standard defining how computers handle real numbers.

The 'Bible' of FP math. Essential reading.

Formal definition of the weakness that destroyed Ariane 5.

Explains the mechanics of Constraint_Error on overflow in Ada.

Ada was the language used in Ariane 5's software.

Specifically explains the bias introduced by truncation (as seen in the Vancouver Stock Exchange case).

Official US government report summarizing costs, preparations, and actual impact.

Legal basis for software validation (including date/time).

Analysis of the Regex failure that flagged legitimate emails as spam.

Confirms the 'Eraser' engine update bug.

Affected 30 million cards. The chip software couldn't handle the year 2010 (hex 0x10).

Sony's official admission of the clock bug (Error 8001050F).

Meters had a 'hard end date' set to January 1, 2020.

Date bug caused fiscal printers in Poland to stop working.

Definitive analysis of the infinite loop driver bug on leap year day 366.

Explanation of the issue in more digestible form

Technical analysis of the futex livelock in the kernel.

Explicitly compares Sidereal (~365.256) vs. Tropical (~365.242), validating the '20-minute difference' footnote.

The primary legislation for the 11-day shift in UK/US.

Validates the Martian Sol duration (24h 39m 35.244s).

Interactive Mars clock and date converter.

The official decision to stop adjusting UTC with leap seconds by 2035.

Defines time_t and the Epoch.

Explains the syntax change from 010 to 0o10 in Python.

Full book hosted by Archive.org covering number systems in Chapter 2.

Quote: 'The Chromium project finds that around 70% of our serious security bugs are memory safety problems.'

Official announcement of Memory Saver Mode.

Original Microsoft KB articles are offline. This confirms the two blocks of 64KB memory regions for GDI and heap resources.

Central hub for all Meltdown and Spectre information.

The original disclosure.

Details the L1/L2/L3 hierarchy, proving this memory is distinct, hardware-managed, and invisible to the OS.

The original paper describing the discovery.

At the time of compiling this source list, original CMU link (above) was offline, so this is an alternative link.

ACM Digital Library is blocking access for WaybackMachine, so use archive link for the CMU resource instead.

Official exploit demonstration.

The formal definition of a memory leak.

Primary engineer account confirming the priority inversion mechanism.

Detailed breakdown of the VxWorks scheduler issue.

Confirms the crash, the 86,000 NFT number, and the speculator-driven load.

Explains the thundering herd problem underlying the failure.

Describes how database row-level locks can lead to contention under high concurrency.

Discusses strategies to handle high concurrency and inventory management during flash sales.

Detailed analysis of the race condition vulnerability.

Confirms the patch for CVE-2021-30713.

Covers the reentrancy vulnerability and the timeline.

Technical deep dive into the recursive withdrawal pattern.

The definitive academic paper on the software race condition and removed hardware interlocks.

Summarizes the Barr Group's findings on the 11,000 global variables and stack overflow.

Standard textbook definition of Process Control Blocks (PCB) and Context Switching overhead.

Formal definition of the 'Check-Then-Act' flaw.

Accessible industry explanation.

Confirms the 'monthly transaction limit' in the crew scheduling system caused the shutdown.

Detailed breakdown of the unsigned 32-bit integer limit and the scale factor.

Included for context; the Class A glitch caused the suspension, leading people to trade Class B.

The definitive technical paper dissecting the code and the 1-in-7 reinfection mechanism.

At the time of compiling this source list, original PU link was offline, so the live link points to ResearchGate version, while the archive link points to CMU-hosted PDF.

Confirms the 376-byte size and the 10-minute saturation speed.

Root cause analysis.

Official analysis of the Catastrophic Backtracking regex.

Alternative explanation of factorial growth using card shuffling in very imaginative way.

The current 'constitution' of BGP.

Outlines trust issues and inherent vulnerabilities (like route leaks).

The official 'phone book' of ASNs.

Breakdown of BGP's design philosophy and scalability vs. policy tension.

Uses accessible analogies like the 'postal service' metaphor.

Visualizes the hierarchy of Tier 1, 2, and 3 providers.

Definitive breakdown of the attack phases and the 'TCP SYN flood' mechanism.

Caused by the 'missing dot' script error.

Official Post-Mortem detailing the DNSSEC Rollout and DS record failure.

Explains how Comcast's strict validation correctly blocked NASA's broken keys.

Context on user confusion regarding SOPA/PIPA at the time.

Confirmed as a bug in 'Edge DNS' service, not an attack.

Illustrates the economic value of TLDs (~20% of Anguilla's government revenue).

Original research website detailing the Factoring RSA Export Keys vulnerability.

The definitive forensic report on the compromise.

The famous 'CPU exhaustion caused by a single regex' incident.

Detailed engineering breakdown of the scaling issues.

Deep dive into the Consul consensus failure that took down the platform for days.

Medium article summarizing the incident containing screenshot of Azure Status page.

Video retrospective of the incident by Microsoft Reactor team.

The official standard defining the 7-layer model.

Accessible (Pop-Sci) introduction.

Academic/theoretical perspective.

Technically Link Aggregation/Bonding, acting like a 'Switch with Ambition'.

Documentation on Equal-Cost Multi-Path routing ('Routing Roulette').

Comparison of 'The Bouncer' (L4) and 'The Receptionist' (L7).

Practical demo of a modern L7 load balancer with health checks and geo-routing.

The 'Race Condition' incident.

Official engineering breakdown released during the event.

A dedicated website explaining the Cloud Native Maturity Model.

Defines the 3-month retention @ 40°C standard.

Note: File became gated at the time between writing of the book and compiling this summary (late 2025). Please refer to JEDEC for access.

Parikh discusses the infrastructure design philosophy ('Efficiency is Profitable') and the Prineville rain incident resulting from aggressive energy conservation.

Details the FDS memory corruption.

Overview of the Domesday Project, its technology, and preservation efforts.

This website is an archived copy of "Chris's Acorns", now hosted by The Centre for Computing History as part of The Chris Whytehead collection.

Main page of the Flashpoint Archive project, a community effort to preserve Flash content.

Entire handbook dedicated to digital preservation concepts and practices. Bit Preservation is explained in the glossary section.

Covers the data shortages during the Landsat program.

Official report on the project budget.

Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (2023), Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

In Note 4 (Restructuring and Other Charges) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (starting on page 68), the company lists "Content impairments, development costs and write-offs" totaling $3,133 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This charge is explicitly attributed to "strategic content programming assessments" and the abandonment of certain content categories following the Merger.

A program of recovering lost NHK broadcasts. Sections About and Q&A clarifies officiaj reasons for missing archives

Explicitly states: 'Older records for this show are not available'.

Rediscovered footage from a 1975 TV broadcast, previously thought lost.

A petition to urge the European Commission to introduce legislation to protect video games from being delisted or rendered unplayable.

Contains official response from the Government.

Official statement from the industry association representing video game publishers in Europe.

Live (unofficial) document tracking the incident as it unfolded.

Primary evidence confirms database journal corruption and data loss from May 4th to May 6th, 2008.

Minutes from team dailies proving that the issue was known. It does not contain information about the date start nor the full extent of the data loss but it does confirm that the corruption was detected and investigated at that time."

Context: The 'Magnet Quench' incident that dominated resources and media coverage.